Sanitary Ceramic Products

Ceramic sanitary products include ceramic sewage and drainage pipes, sanitary appliances (wash basins, toilet bowls, flush cisterns, etc.).

Faience sanitary products are solid fine-pored white ceramic goods. They are different from porcelain with higher porosity and water absorption (up to 9-12 %), therefore all faience ware are covered with thin solid waterproof coat of glaze.

By composition and properties, faience goods are classified as aluminuos, limy, chamotte and feldspar. The most popular are feldspar faience goods made of homogeneous mixture: 60 to 65 % plastic materials (kaolin and clay), 30 to 36 % of quartz, 3 to 5 % of feldspar. Burning is made in tunnel furnaces with direct heating. During manufacture of large sanitary goods, single-time burning is used, when the processes of agglomeration of faience mass component, glaze melting and formation of intermediate layer between porous material and vitrified glaze pass simultaneously. Faience sanitary products are used significantly rarely than porcelain and semi-porcelain. Semiporcelain goods take intermediate position between faience and porcelain.

Ceramic sanitary products of porcelain, semiporcelain and faience are manufactured under the same technology. The difference between them is in degree of fragment agglomeration and proportions of raw materials. In the process of manufacture, initial raw materials are subjected to thorough milling, levigation, sieving, etc. Resulting mix is paste-like mass – ceramic slurry. Ceramic sanitary products are formed in special gypsum molds by casting. After dismantling of forms, products are dried, coated with glaze and burned.